Cassava production roadmap for biofuels
Cassava (tapioca) are considered food crops of the poor because harvest time can be shorter (depending on variety), possibly to the service and have a high starch, can be grown on slopes, poor soil. The 60s and 70s of the last century, during the war, much of the family cooker to "Dry," says padded much exactly is "padded rice cassava".
For about 10 years, cassava has the status of an annual crops important, especially when cassava is the main raw material in the production of ethanol for blending biodiesel. With an average annual yield of 17 tonnes / ha and the area No. 3 after rice and corn (the total area of the country's cassava crop reached nearly 600,000 hectares), the total output of fresh cassava roots reach about 9.5 million tons enough to development of biofuels in the next 5-10 years.
However, recently, due to the problems in the process of implementing biofuel that cassava and cassava products are mainly intended for other processing industries: Production of cassava starch, animal feed and export. Although among the 10 countries with the highest production of cassava in the world but the yield of 17 tonnes / ha is low compared to other countries in the region: India - 31 tons / ha, Thailand- 21 tonnes / ha ... Power low productivity due to old varieties are still used, outdated farming techniques, extensive and important that producers do not follow the plan, the planning and have not been protected by the State. Low productivity of cassava production costs high, thus the biofuel plant would suffer losses if the use of this high price of raw materials.
According to the Ministry of Industry and Trade, to perform route E5 biofuel use the 2015 to nearly 4 million tons of fresh cassava roots; in 2020 to about 5.5 million tons and require about 6.8 to 8.0 to 2025 million tonnes of fresh cassava roots. If current cassava production as the 2025, when all biofuel plants in operation with maximum power, the country will fall about 2.2 to 2.5 million tonnes of fresh cassava roots Data. It is based on the theory that the whole cassava production in the country are intended to produce ethanol. In fact, cassava and cassava products (starch, cassava pulp, cassava ...) also manufacturing raw materials of animal feed, monosodium glutamate, ... and especially exports.
According to statistics, 70% of cassava production because Vietnam is dedicated to export and 30% is dedicated to the manufacturing part of the country. Although cassava is extremely easy to grow seeds, pods not land, but took little care of so that is a tree "philistine" eat. Land for cassava 3-4 consecutive year, without fertilizing regime, intercropping, the land would reasonably silver color, color masterpiece, not to mention land susceptible cassava runoff, erosion often planted in slopes. So many places do not have plans to expand the acreage (Dak Nong, Thanh Hoa ...), even the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has advocated reducing the total area of 490,000 ha of cassava to the plan 5 years (2011-2015). Thus, the risk of not enough cassava for ethanol production was evident.
Beware of the risk of "chaos" cassava due to playing "juggling"
Every year, Vietnam exported more than 1 million tonnes of cassava, of which over 85% is exported to China. The figure above shows the over-reliance on one market has led to a situation of Chinese traders "juggle" upset the production, price and many domestic traders bankrupt. When the trader China launched price "ridiculous" for example, the domestic traders compete to buy local firms making the lack of raw materials for production. When they suddenly stop buying makes cassava "heavy dull", bedeviled traders involved purchasing.
Cassava is the main raw material in the production of ethanol for blending biodiesel.
According to the Association of Vietnam, to the end of the month 6/2014, cassava output of Vietnam inventories more than 300,000 tons, cassava inventory of 150,000 tons. Inventory lasts, can not export to these markets require high quality (Japan, Korea, Russia), many enterprises had to accept the loss selling. Not just this year, not only cassava, we have too many lessons in the market depends, of "taking leave blackberries bowl" when to give Chinese traders operating purchase price, purchase goods, even gate goods: Litchi fresh, dried lychee, fruit fillings, sweet potatoes, watermelon ...
Typically, hunters must slices dry, good quality new sales but to engross the mold cassava, fresh cassava they also bought off. Have repeatedly Chinese traders use "guise" buy cassava prices so high to entice many domestic traders to accumulate, "type" truck jam jam up the border. Later, Chinese traders playing "flip truss" price squeeze has created every condition retention jam at the border. Unable cargo of costly because so many domestic enterprises must accept dump, selling at a low price. This situation goes on continuously while the production plant starch, monosodium glutamate are also required a huge amount of raw material for processing cassava, many units of "hunger" for the production of raw materials.
The solution ensures raw materials
While the development of other industries that use cassava also worry securing cassava to produce ethanol for fuel greening policy. For this, the biofuel plant to quickly build solid material area of their own, with which to guide farmers to use high-yielding varieties (KM140, KM419, NA1 ...) and implementation of appropriate farming processes (intercropping of legumes is the best: peanut, soybean ... has achieved high economic efficiency, just as "rich" soil, soil erosion control) to enhance productivity, output without expanding the area; proactive in securing raw materials for production without collecting on the free market has too many risks.
Cassava in our country are usually harvested in November, December and early January after 01 years. Short harvest time and storage of fresh cassava not be long so to have a stable source of raw materials in the whole year, ethanol production plants to purchasing organizations and preliminary processing cassava in many forms: Through dealers, cooperatives, cooperatives or directly from farmers to supply semi-processed cassava plant. By its own raw material areas, plants can proactively capital investment, seed and ensure stable procurement prices, unreasonable, on the one hand a stable source of raw materials for production, on the one hand to help farmers exit from the scene "the season devaluation" of agriculture which assured production development.
To the State, dated 08.02.2014, the Ministry of Finance issued Circular No. 17/2014 / TT-BTC on adjusting import duty for goods cassava and fresh cassava imports in Vietnam. Import duty rates for these two items fell from 10% to 3% and applied on 25.03.2014. Reduce import duty will make it easier for businesses to use cassava imports but also put pressure on domestic agricultural production will hold back price for agricultural products, reducing rates of cassava growers. Also, the date 20/06/2015, export duty rates for goods or sliced manioc made into pellets (0714.10.11 and 0714.10.19 PLU) will increase from 0% to 5% , according to Circular No. 63/2015 / TT-BTC dated 06/5/2015 of the Ministry of Finance.
Do not put your eggs in one basket "is experienced by stock investors, can fully apply to the export activities of Vietnam cassava. Priority of ensuring raw materials (cassava and fresh roots) for domestic production, including production of ethanol for blending biodiesel; expanding export markets of processed cassava products will both enhance the value added to cassava, just avoid dependency on foreign traders on price and export conditions.
