PROCESS ENGINEERING hybrid corn

PROCESS ENGINEERING hybrid corn
Experimental Research Center for Agriculture Hung Loc
Contact address: flourishing - Trang Bom - Dong Nai

 1. Scope of Application
Southern Provinces
2. Ask about soil and seeds
2.1 Soil
High and dry land to grow maize and good drainage during the rainy season (summer-autumn and autumn-winter), capable enough moisture for irrigation during the dry season (winter-spring crop). Moral ground should be planted intercropped with other crops, preferably rotation and intercropping with legumes (chickpeas, soybeans and peanuts).
The soil should be cleared of crop residue of the previous crop and weed, because it is a favorable environment for the fungus to survive and grow in the coming season.
2.2 Variety
Select the F1 hybrid maize varieties are recommended matching ecological conditions in local, high yield, resistant to insect and disease better.
In recent years, unusually adverse weather or drought between services, service Autumn Winter rains often cause term ending late in the season. So should select corn hybrids F1 team has a short growing period (under 98 days) and good drought tolerance.
3. Cultivation techniques
3.1 Season
            Depending on the region, climate weather conditions each year which determine appropriate seeding time. Standing Summer-Fall in Southeast and Central Highlands 4-5 sown in the calendar month, for 8-9 months Autumn Winter sowing in the annual calendar.
3.2 Soil
Autumn season should be plowing, harrowing or milling the porous and breathable to facilitate germination and growth of seedlings grow fast. Fall Winter service can apply pressure minimum tillage or no tillage.
Subdivision, slitting line, making irrigation ditches or drainage to drain waterlogged. Fields should be divided into plots according to topography and the area designed to be easy care and travel, should be furrowing fields before sowing. Depending on the terrain that direction furrowing choose, so choose the east - west. Autumn Winter Autumn season and grow sparse, thicker winter-spring crop planting.
3.3 Cultivation
+ The amount of seed for 1 ha: 16-17 kg for the summer-autumn and autumn-winter; 20 kg for the winter-spring crop.
+ Density and summer collection Fall Winter: 66,000 - 71.000cay / ha
- The distance between the rows: 50-60 cm
- The distance between the holes: 25-30 cm / 1cay
Winter-Spring crop planting + density: 80.000- 90.000 plants / ha
- Distance planting (1): 50 x 25 cm / 1 plants (80,000 plants / ha)
- Distance planting (2): 50 x 22 cm / 1 plants (90,000 plants / ha)
 
3.4 mile and pruners
            Planting and pruning of trees: Planting of miles by land or sky soaked seeds sprout and mile cracked soon after 6-8 days after sowing. Trimming the tree when the sow density should prune immediately after growing 10 to 12 days.
3.5 Fertilizers (ha)
+ Manure: 8-10 m3 (8-10 tons) or 2 tons of microbial organic fertilizer.
+ Lime: 300-500 kg
+ Inorganic fertilizers: 180-210 kg N + 80 kg P2O5 + 80-100 kg K2O / ha.
Equivalent:
- Urea: 320-450 kg;
- Super easy: 500 kg (or 150 to 200 kg DAP);
- Potassium (KCl): 130- 170 kg;
Or fertilizer from 600 -900 kg NPK fertilizer 16-16-8-13S
3.6 How to fertilizing:
+ Basal: Basal entire manure, phosphate, or DAP. If you use fertilizer NPK fertilizer is 200 kg / ha before sowing (mixed with earth in free). Avoid sowing seeds exposed to spoilage seed distribution.
+ Dressing: Divide into 3 times
- Stage 1: Stage 3-4 leaves (10-12 days after sowing) or 200-300 kg of urea fertilizer NPK 1/3 16-16-8, combined with weeding out the scum for cornfields.
- Stage 2: Stage 8 -10 leaves (24-26 NSG) Urea Fertilizer 1/3 + 1/2 Kali combined cultivate grass root.
- Activity 3: Period before flowering flags (45-50 NSG) Urea Fertilizer 1/3 + 1/2 Kali rest.
3.7 Weeding
+ Weeding by hand: - Weeding 1st stage 10 to 12 days after sowing, digging, earth and fertilizer origin filling light distribution combined 1st;
- Weeding 2nd stage in 24-26 days after sowing combination cultivate weed root and fill the 2nd top dressing fertilizer;
- Weeding 3rd stage in 50-60 days, when there was much grass cornfield, may pluck by hand or hoe, avoid damaging the roots of maize.
+ Use of chemicals: Immediately after sowing, soil moisture using Dual 72 EC; Maizin 80WP doses from 1.5 to 2 kg, mixed with 400 liters of water for 1 ha spray. (Note: technical seed filling).
+ Using chemicals 2nd when corn is 45-60 days after sowing, taking Gamaxol, spray in rows, avoiding stick to the original drug, corn leaves.
3.8 Che cabinets: For limited runoff, soil erosion, soil moisture, control weeds, provide organic matter to the soil, improving and making more porous soil, increase crop yields from 25- 35% compared with no closet. The material covered cornfields Dressing: make use of straw, hay, corn stalks were harvested, coffee crust ...
3.9 Irrigation and drainage
+ Water: if not enough soil moisture need watering, watering can in rows, irrigation or sprinkler rain free. There are three stages required to water: after sowing, before and after the 15-day bear flag.
+ Drain: Corn needed but very afraid of flooding water. Therefore need good drainage, not necessarily to flooding.
3:10 Pest prevention
3.10.1 Pests:
Vibasu or soil treatment with insecticide Furadan 3H to gray, insect pests of grain and seedlings. Borer prevention by Furadan or Vibasu sprinkled on trumpet (leaf tip) maize from 4-6 seed stage 30-40 days after sowing.
3.10.2 Diseases:
Prevention of sheath blight, root rot and leaf blight with drugs Validacin, Anvil or New Kasuran BTN in phase from 20 to 45 days after sowing.
4. Wheel intercropping
            Rotating maize intercropped with legumes such as soybeans, chickpeas and peanuts. Planting 2 row corn intercropped with beans 6-8.
5. Harvest and storage
Harvest when the fruit is cooked entirely on the field, grain moisture content 28-32% (bark balls from golden to dry). Incubate left large piles of 2-3 days, using particle separation machines. Drying or smoking until particles are 14-15% moisture.
Storage: After drying, drying, dried grain moisture content was 14-15%. If stored for long to store in jars, sealed or closed silos termite insecticide treatment.
Note:
- Fertilizing manure, phosphate or DAP is essential, especially in autumn and winter; Do not plant corn on land at risk of flooding and flooding during the rainy season. to escape flooding, raised beds and limed, barefoot nearby for low, acidic soil.
- Seeds of hybrid maize have been medicated against insects and disease prevention, so absolutely no seeds used as food for people and livestock, should be stored carefully, away from the reach of children.
- Do not remove the seeds harvested corn breeding field. Doing so not only reduces grain yield (yield 30-50% in comparison with F1 hybrids) that homogeneity of the tree, fruit will be very low.