Rice bran oil

Rice output worldwide reached nearly 650 million tonnes in 2008, accounting for more than one quarter of the total volume of food, and rice is the staple food in the daily ration of the largest populations in the world. White rice and polished rice is produced by first removing the husk and bran layer abrasion. Rice bran accounts for about 8% by weight of grain. Rice bran contains most of the oil and the majority of protein, minerals, vitamins, and fiber digestibility of rice grains. Rice bran oil content in an estimated 18%. However, due to the milling technology, only about 3% rice bran can be used for extraction of oil - equivalent to 3.5 million tons of crude oil.
But such great potential, but only about 500,000 tons of rice bran oil reached the substances used in the oil industry. Crude rice bran oil can be refined into high quality salad oil, besides, some other products are also produced from crude rice bran oil.
Crude rice bran oil can be refined into oil through refining by chemical methods or physical methods. Rice bran oil is an excellent salad oil, in addition, it is very durable under the temperature regime than any other vegetable oils because it has a good balance between linoleic and oleic acid component, very little linolenic acid, and large amounts of natural antioxidants (tocopherols and tocotrienols).
Commercial rice bran oil - extracted with n-hexane solvent - typically contain 3-4% and about 4.2% waxy fat saponification. Among the unsaponifiable sterol (β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol): 43%; Triterpene alcohol (24-methylene cycloartanol, cycloartanol and cycloartenol): 28%; 4-methyl sterols: 10%; and a number of other less polar compounds (squalene, tocopherols, and tocotrienols): 19%. The content of unsaponifiable matter in rice bran oil is higher than all other vegetable oils.
The quality of plant sterols derived from long known as agents reduce the absorption of cholesterol by competing with cholesterol in creating cutting-mi transport through the intestinal wall. Most plant sterols are poorly absorbed. Β-sitosterol 3 grams per day in the diet will reduce the absorption of cholesterol up to 50%.
Tocopherol and tocotrienol in rice bran oil is not more of the other vegetable oils. However, the effect of antioxidant great bran oil known as tocopherol and tocotrienol not only but also due to the ester of ferulic acid. Ferulic acid is esterified with triterpene alcohols, sterols, and methanol. A mixture of ferulic acid esters of sterols and triterpene alcohols with, β-sitosterol mainly, campesterol, cycloartenol, and 24-methylene cycloartanol called oryzanol (or gamma oryzanol). Oryzanol is confirmed to serve as hormones affect the autonomic nervous system. It is proven to stimulate growth, prolonged reproductive cycle in animals, and increases the capillary system developed skin epidermis. Oryzanol has about 2% of rice bran oil, and 1.7% in the degummed oil. This volume focuses oryzanol in glue and soap mixture separated during refining.
In a study of medicine at the University of Kobe in Japan, oryzanol was added to the diets of the volunteers at a dose of 300 mg daily for 3 months. Results showed significant differences in the reduction of serum cholesterol, the main cause is due to reduction of LDL cholesterol and increase HDL tend cholesterol. This study is consistent with the hypothesis of cholesterol-lowering activity of rice bran concentrate on components fat saponification. Many other healing properties are attributed to the effect of rice bran oil and oryzanol: