Technical process Cassava

1. Ask the external conditions of cassava

1.1. Temperature requirements

Cassava is the crop originated from the tropics. Able to adapt to a wide range of temperature from 10-35oC.

twelfth. Light requirements

Cassava and other tropical crops, in the process of growth and development requires a strong light, grown under adequate lighting for the high-yielding cassava.

1.3. Water requirements

Cassava is drought-tolerant plants, but in the process of growth and development of cassava also requires a certain amount of water, especially in the first phase (the period of germination and seedlings). Without developing countries poor plant growth.

1.4. The requirement for land

Cassava can be grown on different types of soil, however to achieve high-yield cassava should choose the standard soils: arable layer thickness, not flooding, porous, rich in nutrients, pH : 6-7, with slope <15o.

2. cassava varieties

2.1. Local cassava varieties

Each area has a different cassava varieties such as cassava advertising, bananas cassava, cassava Dong Nai, Man San highland ...

The main characteristic of this group is growing time long, low productivity, low starch content.

2.2. New varieties

The last time our country has introduced many new varieties of Chinese, Thai, such as HL23, HL24, KM94, KM95, KM60, SM937-26, HN124, ... These breeds have short growing period (210-300 day), high yield (35-40 t / ha, intensive farming can yield 80-120 tonnes) and particularly high starch content (25.5 to 28.6%).

3. cassava cultivation techniques

3.1. Season: Cassava is grown in two cases during the year:

3.1.1. North Central: May 01 to 2.15.

Central 3.1.2.Nam: June 01 - June 03 end.

3.1.3. Highlands:

+) Summer: 20/04 - 15/06

+) Department Thu: January 08 - January 09

3.2. Tillage techniques

- Land cassava necessarily prepared before planting, the work includes: cleaning the roots and plant debris, leveling, weed treatment.

- Cassava need to soft soil, deep roots development. 20 cm deep plowing, plowing two times, each separated by 10-15 days and harrowing 2 times (1st plow the earth after about 7-15 days 1st and 2nd times after plowing 5-7 days).

- Not on the vertical bed of soil, water will wash away the fertile soil

Depending on the terrain to design appropriate parcel plot:

- Slope <4o: designed in the ice long beds.

- Slope 5-10o: Contour Design.

- The slope 10-15o: designed in the ladder.

3.3. Methods of fertilizer and manure

3.3.1. The amount of fertilizer for 1 ha: 8-10 tons of manure + urea + 200-250kg 150-170kg superphosphate + potassium chloride 120-180kg.

When using alternative NPK fertilizers, the fertilizer unit for 1 ha is: 8-10 tons of organic fertilizer NPK + 600kg Class 8: 8: 3 + 50 kg + 80 kg potassium chloride, urea / ha.

3.3.2. Method of application:

- Basal under cassava: Complete manure + phosphate

- Four phase 1: When cassava germination 40-45 days, including: 60-80kg 30-40kg of potassium chloride, urea +.

- 2nd application: When cassava grown 70-75 days, the entire amount of fertilizer left.

Every time weeding combined fertilizer, fertilizer to cultivate original occupancy increase fertilizer efficiency.

- When using NPK fertilizers replace the entire unit is manuring manure + NPK and dressing once after 70 days sprouting cassava entire potassium chloride and urea.

3.4. Cultivation techniques

3.4.1. Select cuttings:

- Hom similar enough to get in the older trees, especially the gut, clean insects, pick the eyes, well developed trees, trees on 1.5 cm diameter. Seedlings must be stored in a cool, shady place.

- The size cuttings: tightly sharp knife between the tree section, remove the tops and root premature aging. Cut trees into sections from 15-20cm long cuttings, 4-5 ensure eye upward, to avoid hurting the crust.

- Store the cuttings: After cutting cuttings, it is best planted immediately, in case they can not be planted to apply one of the following measures to preserve cuttings:

+ Burying ground cuttings, so the shade.

+ Use bananas tie around bundle of cuttings.

+ Put the cuttings and cover straw on top.

3.4.2. Density:

- For flat land: good soil right up beds. 1.2m rows between plants 0,7-0,8m. Ensure density 10500-12000 plants / ha.

- For the hilly land protection: 1m Distance between rows between plants 0,7-0,8m. Ensure density 12500-14000 plants / ha.

3.4.3.Phuong planting:

Can be planted in two methods:

- Place the cuttings tilted 15-30o, fill 3/4 of the length of the cuttings.

- Insert the cuttings upright into the ground portion accounts for about 1/3 the length of the cuttings. This method is commonly used for raw cassava growing areas in Thailand.

Note: Plug the base right down, the flame upwards.

4. Care

4.1. miles hom

15-20 days after planting to check, if the cuttings do not sprout, the miles immediately. The pruning cuttings grow sprouts sprouts, only to 2-3 sprouts / tree.

4.2. Weeding, caring

- Stage 1, when high cassava stem 15-20cm: clean grass, dug to the ground.

- 2nd, sprouting cassava after 40-45 days: clean lawn top dressing fertilizer combined with a visit.

- 3rd, after 70-75 days sprouting cassava: weeding, native cultivate combined second top dressing fertilizer.

4.3. Sprinklers

Although cassava is a drought-tolerant plants are able to demand less water and other crops, but the first phase should be enough soil moisture, if the organization met its need for irrigation.

4.4. Pest control

Some technical measures to control major pests of cassava common on:

- Termites: For areas susceptible to termites, to sprinkle seeds Basudin drugs when raised planting beds of 1.5kg / acre.

- Aphids and leaf: chemical drugs such as Regent 800 WP 0.1-0.2% shot percentage, Diptrex, Trebon to spray.

- Beetles: Spray the conventional drug treatments such as Oncol, Lamte ..

- Red Spider: usually observed in the dry season fires cause dry cassava each region, using Supracide, Admire, Comite ...

- Bud rot, blights: used Benlate, Benlate-C, Bavistin ...

Attention:

- Carefully read the user manual of the manufacturer printed on the capsule, the bottle to spray the most effective.

- Only spray in the early morning or late afternoon. Do not spray when going to rain, big wind.

5. Harvesting and storage of cassava

5.1. Determine when to harvest cassava

Based on the history of the breed: to grasp the growth time of each varieties to determine appropriate harvest time. Avoid harvesting young or too old. Harvested immediately transported to the processing. Harvesting cassava Notes:

- When digging cassava tubers carefully to avoid being cut or scratched bark much.

- Avoid cutting too closely to tubers. Leaving a body paragraph should stick with old beams, as this will limit the damage arising from the cut tubers.

- Avoid harvesting cassava after rain finished, or when the new sun is too moist soil.

5.2. Preserving cassava

Preserving fresh cassava roots approaches include:

- Burying underground or buried sand: Select cassava tubers old, intact, while pulp and less prone to peeling wood. Secures long stalk or leave the original as possible after harvest and not to exceed 8 hours long. Choose high ground water stagnation. Ratings cassava into interlayer with soil or sand layer 5-7cm thick. 10-15cm thick top layer and the substrate to limit water infiltration. Cassava can be arranged in a circle and cover the land with approximately 1.5-2.0m diameter pile after pile up to dig drainage ditches around the pile. With this method the maximum storage time could be 45 days.

- Burial of straw: a pile of manioc and covered with a layer of straw rammed earth can preserve fresh cassava in 1 month.
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