The situation of cassava production and consumption in the world and Vietnam

The situation of cassava production and consumption in the world and Vietnam
Worldwide, cassava is grown by small farmers to produce food foodstuff, animal feed and for sale. Cassava is mainly grown in poor soil and cultivated using traditional techniques.
  Production and consumption of cassava in the world world cassava output reached 226.34 million tonnes in 2006/07 compared with 2005/06 fresh root is 211.26 million tonnes and 71.26 million tonnes in 1961's. Water yield is the world's largest cassava Nigeria (45.72 million tonnes), followed by Thailand (22.58 million tonnes) and Indonesia (19.92 million tonnes). Vietnam ranked tenth in the world in production of cassava (7.71 million tons). Countries with the highest yield of cassava is now India (31.43 t / ha), followed by Thailand (21.09 t / ha), compared with an average yield of cassava world is 12.16 tonnes / ha (FAO, 2008).

Cassava consumption worldwide average of 18 kg / person / year. Production of cassava in the world is consumed in the country is about 85% (58% food, 28% of animal feed, industrial processing 3% shrinkage 11%), the remaining 15% (30 million tons) exported in the form of dried chips, pellets and starch (CIAT, 1993). The demand for cassava as animal feed worldwide are holding steady level in 2006 (FAO, 2007).
Cassava has a high weight in the structure of food in Africa, an average of about 96 kg / person / year. Zaire is the most widely available and used 391 kg / person / year (or 1123 calories / day). The demand for cassava as staple food Saharan Africa in both types of fresh roots and processed products is estimated at 115 million tons, an increase over 2005 of about 1 million tons.
Cassava in the world trade in 2006 was estimated at 6.9 million tonnes, up 11% compared to 2005 (6.2 million tons), down 14.8% compared with 2004 (8.1 million tons). In that starch (starch) and cassava flour (flour) accounted for 3.5 million tonnes of cassava chips (chips) and pellets (pellets) of 3.4 million tonnes.
China is the largest importer of world cassava to ethanol (bio ethanol), modified starch (starch modify), animal feed and industrial use medicinal foods. Main venue in Guangxi. In 2005, China imported 1.03 million tons of starch, tapioca and 3.03 million tonnes of cassava chips, pellets. In 2006, China imported 1.15 million tons of starch, tapioca and 3.40 million tonnes of cassava chips and pellets.
Thailand accounts for over 85% of global exports of cassava, followed by Indonesia and Vietnam. The export market of Thai cassava is mainly China, Taiwan, Japan and the European Community to export ratio of about 40% cassava flour and tapioca, cassava and 25% of the pellet (TTTA, 2006; FAO, 2007).
2006 is considered the year of the high price of cassava starch, and tapioca starch. The export of cassava as animal feed into the European Community countries have now reduced the price of cassava in 2006 but remained at high levels due to the large market in China and Japan (FAO, 2007).
Institute for Policy Studies World food (IFPRI), was calculated multifaceted and forecast production and consumption of cassava global vision 2020 to 2020. Global cassava production is estimated at 275.10 million tonnes, mainly cassava production in the developing countries is 274.7 million tons, the country has developed around 0.40 million tonnes. Cassava consumption in developing countries is forecast at 254.60 million tonnes compared with the developed countries is 20.5 million tonnes. The volume of global cassava products used as food demand forecast is 176.3 million tonnes of animal feed and 53.4 million tonnes. The annual growth rate of demand for cassava as food products, food and animal feed respectively reached 1.98% and 0.95%. Africa remains the region leading the global production of cassava production forecast to reach 168.6 million by 2020 tons. In particular, the volume of products used as food is 77.2%, as animal feed is 4.4%. Latin America 1993-2020 period, estimated speed of the cassava consumption increased 1.3% annually, compared with 2.44% in Africa and Asia are from 0.84 to 0.96%. Cassava continues to hold an important role in many countries in Asia, especially Southeast Asian countries where cassava has a total area ranks third after rice and maize yields and total ranks third after rice and sugarcane. Cassava production direction depends on the competitiveness of crops. The main solution is to increase cassava productivity by adopting new varieties and advanced techniques.
Production and consumption of cassava in Vietnam In Vietnam, cassava as food crops, fodder important rice and corn. In 2005, cassava has an area of 432 thousand hectares harvested, yield 15.35 t / ha, production of 6.6 million tons, compared with the rice has 7326 ha area, yield 4.88 t / ha, production of 35.8 million tonnes, maize has an area of 995 ha, yield 3.51 t / ha, yields nearly one million tonnes (FAO, 2007). Cassava is an important source of income of the poor farmers so easy to grow cassava, little cocoon of land, less investment, appropriate ecological and economic conditions of farmers. Cassava is mainly used to sell (48.6%) plan to use as animal feed (22.4%), manual processing (16.8%), only 12.2% using fresh consumption.
Cassava is also valuable cash crops for export and domestic consumption. Cassava is the main raw material for processing MSG, bio- ethanol, instant noodles, candies, syrups, beverage, packaging, plywood, pharmaceutical additives, coatings and biological soil moisturizer. Nationwide is on 60 processing plant starch with a total capacity of 3.8 million tonnes of fresh roots / year and cassava processing facilities scattered manually in most provinces cassava. Vietnam is produced each year approximately 800,000 to 1,200,000 tonnes of cassava, of which over 70% of exports and nearly 30% of domestic consumption. Products of Vietnam's cassava exports mainly starch, cassava and tapioca. The main markets are China, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, South Korea. Investment bio- ethanol processing plant is a major direction prospects.
Food production is the industry focus and strength of vision to Vietnam in 2020. Vietnam Government urged to accelerate the production of rice, maize and cassava production appreciate the sweet potato in the region, the conditions for development. Export markets for cassava and cassava starch Vietnam favorable forecasts and competitive advantage due to the high demand for bioethanol processing, monosodium glutamate, fodder and modified starch products. Vietnam's cassava acreage is expected to stabilize around 450 thousand ha, but will increase the productivity and yield of cassava by selecting and developing the best varieties of fresh tuber yield and high starch content, building and improve the process of cassava cultivation techniques suitable for sustainable and ecological areas.